Impeta yo gupfunyika ni iki?

Impeta yo kuzunguruka ni igice cy'amashanyarazi gishinzwe guhuza, kohereza ingufu n'ibimenyetso ku mubiri uzenguruka. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kohereza, impeta zo kuzunguruka zigabanyijemo impeta z'amashanyarazi zo kuzunguruka, impeta zo kuzunguruka zirimo amazi, n'impeta zoroshye, zishobora kandi kwitwa "ihuza ry'amazi" cyangwa "ihuza ry'amazi". Impeta zo kuzunguruka zikunze gushyirwa hagati y'ibikoresho kandi zigizwe ahanini n'ibice bibiri: kuzunguruka n'ibidahinduka. Igice kizunguruka gihuza n'imiterere izunguruka y'ibikoresho kandi kizunguruka na byo, byitwa "rotor", kandi igice kidahinduka gihuza n'ingufu z'imiterere idahinduka y'ibikoresho, byitwa "stator".

Muri iki gihe, mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'ibikoresho by'inganda, hari byinshi bisabwa kugira ngo habeho ingendo nyinshi nko kuzenguruka no kuzunguruka. Ni ukuvuga ko, mu gihe ibikoresho by'imashini bizunguruka 360° buri gihe, hari n'ingendo nyinshi zikenewe ku mubiri uzenguruka. Iyo hari ingendo, hakenewe ingufu, nk'ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ingufu z'umuvuduko w'amazi, nibindi. Hari igihe, biba ngombwa kandi kugenzura aho ikimenyetso gituruka, nk'ibimenyetso bya fibre optique, ibimenyetso by'umuvuduko wo hejuru, nibindi. Ibice byose by'amashanyarazi bizunguruka 360° buri gihe bifitanye isano bigomba kohereza ingufu zitandukanye nk'ingufu zikora, ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi bidakomeye, ibimenyetso by'urumuri, umuvuduko w'umwuka, umuvuduko w'amazi, umuvuduko w'amavuta, nibindi kugira ngo ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bishobore kugenda neza mu gihe cyo kuzunguruka. Ibikoresho byo guhuza bigomba gukoreshwa.

Impeta zo gupfunyika zikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu nganda zigezweho cyangwa ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho bifite imikorere myinshi, imikorere myiza, imikorere myiza kandi ihoraho, nk'ibikoresho byo mu kirere, ibikoresho by'itumanaho rya radar, ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibyuma, ibikoresho byo gushongesha, ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho by'insinga, ibikoresho byo kwidagadura, ibikoresho byo kwerekana, kamera zigezweho, imashini zikora imiti, amatanura ya kristu, imashini zikoresha insinga, inganda zikoresha umuyaga, amaboko ya roboti, roboti, imashini zikingira, inzugi zizenguruka, ibikoresho byo gupima, indege, imodoka zidasanzwe, amato yihariye, nibindi. Impeta zo gupfunyika zitanga ibisubizo byizewe byo kohereza ingufu n'ibimenyetso kuri ibi bikoresho by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bigere ku migendekere igoye. Dushobora kandi kuvuga ko impeta zo gupfunyika ari ikimenyetso cy'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho.

Impeta zizunguruka zishobora kandi gukorwamo imiterere itandukanye yihariye bitewe n'imiterere y'ikoreshwa, uburyo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi buvanze, isoko y'urumuri, isoko y'umuvuduko w'amazi, cyangwa zigateranywa n'ibindi bice by'amashanyarazi, nka: imiterere yihariye yihariye, imiterere minini cyane, ibikoresho bifatanye, uduce duto, utumashini duto, ibyuma bifunga, amashanyarazi n'isoko y'urumuri bivanze, amashanyarazi n'amazi avangavanze, bifite urumuri, amashanyarazi, amajwi, ibipima ubushyuhe, transceivers za fibre optique, ibipimo by'umuvuduko, ibice by'umwuka, nibindi, bihujwe mu guteranya amashanyarazi mu buryo bwinshi kugira ngo hagerwe ku bisabwa byihariye byo kuzigama umwanya no koroshya imiterere y'igishushanyo.