ikoranabuhanga ry'igihangange | nshya mu nganda | 15 Mutarama 2025
Mu bikorwa by’inganda n’ubucuruzi, moteri zikoresha slip-ring zikoreshwa cyane bitewe n’ubushobozi bwazo bwinshi n’imbaraga zazo nyinshi zo gusohora. Ariko, kubara voltage ya rotor ya moteri ikoresha slip-ring si ikintu cyoroshye, bidusaba gusobanukirwa neza amahame n’ibipimo bifitanye isano na yo. Iyi nkuru izagaragaza mu buryo burambuye uburyo bwo kubara neza voltage ya rotor ya moteri ikoresha slip-ring kugira ngo bigufashe kunoza imikorere n’imikorere ya moteri.
1. Intambwe z'ibanze zo kubara voltage ya rotor
(I) Kumenya ingufu z'amashanyarazi za moteri
Voltage igenwa ya moteri ni voltage isanzwe ikoreshwa mu miterere yayo n'imikorere yayo, ishobora kuboneka byoroshye mu bisobanuro bya tekiniki bya moteri. Aka gaciro ni inkingi y'ibarura rikurikira, kimwe n'urufatiro rw'inyubako ndende, itanga amakuru y'ingenzi y'ingenzi ku gikorwa cyose cyo kubara. Urugero, moteri igendanwa mu gikoresho cy'inganda ifite voltage igenwa ya 380 V igaragara neza mu gitabo cyayo cya tekiniki, ari na yo ntangiriro yo kubara.
(II) Pima ubukana bwa rotor Iyo moteri ihagaze gukora, koresha ohmmeter kugira ngo upime ubukana bwa rotor winding. Ubukana bwa rotor ni kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko wa rotor, kandi ukuri kw'agaciro kayo bifitanye isano itaziguye n'ubwizerwe bw'umusaruro wa nyuma wo kubara. Dufashe ko ubukana bwa rotor twapimye ari 0.4Ω, aya makuru azagira uruhare runini mu mibare ikurikiraho.
(III) Kubara voltage ya rotor Voltage ya rotor iboneka binyuze mu gukuba voltage ya moteri hakoreshejwe resistance ya rotor. Dufashe voltage ya 380 V n'iresistance ya rotor ya 0.4Ω twavuze haruguru nk'urugero, voltage ya rotor = 380 V × 0.4 = 152 V.
2. Isesengura ryimbitse ry'uburyo bwo gupima amashanyarazi ya rotor
(I) Imiterere n'akamaro k'uburyo bw'isesengura
Formula ya voltage ya rotor ni imvugo y'imibare yibanda ku bintu byinshi. Ikomoka ku mahame shingiro ya electromagnetism. Muri byo, voltage ya stator, slip n'imiterere ya moteri ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka. Gusobanukirwa neza iyi formula bituma injeniyeri zishobora guhanura neza imikorere ya moteri mu bihe bitandukanye by'umutwaro, kimwe no kugira urufunguzo rwo gufungura amayobera y'imikorere ya moteri.
(II) Gukuramo formula no kuyikoresha mu buryo bufatika Hashingiwe ku mahame ya electromagnetics
Uburyo bwo gukuramo imiterere y'amashanyarazi ya rotor ni bukomeye kandi buragoye. Igaragaza isano iri hagati y'imbaraga rukuruzi n'amashanyarazi ari muri moteri, kandi ifite akamaro kadasanzwe mu bijyanye no kugenzura no gushushanya moteri. Mu bikorwa bifatika, hifashishijwe icyuma cyabigenewe cyo kubara amashanyarazi ya rotor, injeniyeri zigomba gusa kwinjiza ibipimo bikenewe nko gupima ingufu z'amashanyarazi, umubare w'inkingi za moteri n'imashini zigenda zisohoka kugira ngo zibone byihuse agaciro gakwiye k'amashanyarazi gakenewe mu bihe bitandukanye by'imikorere. Ibi ntibituma akazi gakorwa neza gusa, ahubwo binatuma moteri ikora neza mu rwego rwiza rw'imikorere.
3. Kubara umuvuduko wa rotor no kunoza imikorere ya moteri
(I) Ibisobanuro birambuye ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gukoresha umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa rotor
Ifishi ni, It=Vt/Zt, aho Vt ari voltage ya rotor na Zt ikaba impedance ya rotor. Kubara voltage ya rotor bikubiyemo ibintu nka voltage ya stator na slip, bisaba inzobere mu by'amashanyarazi kumenya no gukoresha neza iyi formula kugira ngo basuzume neza imikorere ya moteri.
(II) Akamaro ko kubara umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi wa rotor
Kubara umuvuduko wa rotor ni ingenzi ku bahanga mu buryo bwinshi. Ku ruhande rumwe, bifasha gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ya moteri, bigatuma bahanga mu by'ukuri bahanura impinduka mu mikorere ya moteri hifashishijwe ingufu zitandukanye z'amashanyarazi. Urugero, mu gihe moteri itangira gukora, bakurikirana impinduka mu muvuduko wa rotor, bahanga mu by'ukuri bashobora kumenya niba moteri itangiye neza kandi niba hari ibibazo nko kurenza urugero rw'umuvuduko. Ku rundi ruhande, bakurikirana kandi bagasesengura umuvuduko wa rotor, birashoboka kugera ku kugenzura neza moteri, gukumira ibibazo bishobora kubaho nko gushyuha cyane kwa moteri, kudakora neza cyangwa kwangirika kwa mekanike, bityo bikongera igihe cyo gukora moteri no kunoza imikorere myiza.
4. Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwo kunyerera mu kubara amashanyarazi ya rotor
(I) Ibisobanuro n'ibarwa ry'inyandiko
Kunyerera bisobanurwa nk'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko hagati y'imbaraga rukuruzi zizenguruka na rotor, bigaragazwa nk'ijanisha ry'umuvuduko uhuza ibintuFormula ni S=(N8-Nt)/Ns, aho s ari ukunyerera, N8 ni umuvuduko uhuza imikorere, naho Nt ni umuvuduko wa rotor.
Urugero, mu gihe runaka moteri ikora, niba umuvuduko uhuza imikorere ari 1500 rpm kandi umuvuduko wa rotor ukaba 1440 rpm, gusimbukaS=(1500-1440)/1500=0.04, bityo 4%.
(II) Isano iri hagati yo kunyerera no gukora neza kwa rotor
Hari isano ya hafi hagati yo kunyerera no gukora neza kwa rotor. Ubusanzwe, rotor ikenera ingano runaka yo kunyerera kugira ngo ikore torque kandi igere ku mikorere isanzwe ya moteri. Ariko, kunyerera cyane bizatuma habaho gutakaza imbaraga no kugabanuka k'umusaruro wa moteri, ibyo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya moteri. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, kunyerera cyane bishobora gutuma moteri igenda hafi y'aho ihurira, ariko bizagabanya ubushobozi bwa moteri bwo kugenzura n'ubushobozi bwo gutanga torque. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gukora moteri, kubara neza kunyerera no guhindura neza ibipimo bifitanye isano ni ingenzi kugira ngo ikoreshe neza formula ya rotor voltage no kwemeza ko moteri ikora neza kandi ihamye mu mitwaro itandukanye.
V. Ingaruka z'ubudahangarwa bwa rotor ku mikorere myiza ya moteri
(I) Imiterere n'ingaruka z'ubudahangarwa bwa rotor
Ubudahangarwa bwa rotor busobanura ubudahangarwa bwa rotor circuit ku rujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi. Agaciro kayo gafite ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo moteri itangira, uburyo umuvuduko wayo ugenzurwa n'imikorere yayo. Ubudahangarwa bwa rotor bwinshi bufasha kunoza uburyo moteri itangira gukora neza no gutuma moteri itangirira neza mu gihe iremereye cyane. Ariko, mu gihe cy'imikorere isanzwe ya moteri, kudahangarwa cyane kwa rotor bizatuma ingufu zigabanuka, bityo bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo gukora bwa moteri.
(II) Uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakosa no kwirinda rotator
Uburyo bwo kurwanya rotor (ubusanzwe bugaragazwa nka Rt) bushingira ku bintu nk'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya rotor, imiterere ya rotor n'ubushyuhe. Kubara neza uburyo rotor irwanya ni ingenzi mu gukoresha formula ya voltage ya rotor. Mu rwego rwo gusuzuma no kubungabunga moteri, hagenzurwa impinduka mu kurwanya rotor, ibibazo bishobora kubaho nko kwangirika ku buryo butaringaniye, uruziga rugufi cyangwa gushyuha cyane bishobora kuboneka mu gihe gito. Urugero, niba ubudahangarwa bwa rotor bugaragaye ko bwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye, bishobora gusobanura ko hari uruziga rugufi rwo mu gace runaka cyangwa ko ruziga rudakora neza mu ruziga rwa rotor. Abashinzwe kubungabunga bashobora gufata ingamba zo kubungabunga kugira ngo hirindwe ko moteri yangirika, kongera igihe cyo gukora cya moteri, no kwemeza ko umusaruro ukomeza kandi ugahoraho.
VI. Ingero z'ibarura n'ubuhanga mu kurikoresha mu bihe nyabyo
(I) Urugero nyarwo rw'ibarura
Tuvuge ko hari moteri ifite uruziga rurerure ifite voltage ya stator ya 440 V, ubwirinzi bwa rotor bwa 0.35Ω, na ubwirinzi bwa 0.03. Ubwa mbere, dukurikije formula ya voltage ya rotor Vt=s*Vs, voltage ya rotor Vt=0.03*440=13.2 V irashobora kuboneka. Hanyuma, hakoreshejwe formula ya rotor current It=Vt/Zt (dufashe ko impedance ya rotor Zt ari 0.5Ω), ubwirinzi bwa rotor It=13.2/0.5=26.4 A bushobora kubarwa.
(II) Ubuhanga mu gushyira mu bikorwa no kwirinda mu buryo bufatika
Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza kandi ko ibisubizo byo kubara ari iby'ukuri, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitabwaho: Ubwa mbere, koresha ibikoresho byo gupima neza cyane kugira ngo ubone ibipimo bya moteri. Urugero, mu gupima ubukana bwa rotor ukoresheje ohmmeter, hagomba gutoranywa igikoresho gifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'ikosa rito; ubwa kabiri, mu gushyiramo ibipimo byo kubara, menya neza ko ibipimo by'ibipimo bihujwe kugira ngo hirindwe ihinduka mu bisubizo byo kubara bitewe n'amakosa yo guhindura unit; ubwa gatatu, gusesengura hamwe n'ahantu nyaho bikora n'imiterere y'akazi ya moteri, urugero, urebye ingaruka z'ubushyuhe ku bukana bwa rotor, mu gihe hari ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubukana bwa rotor bushobora kwiyongera, kandi ibisubizo byo kubara bigomba gukosorwa neza.
Binyuze mu ntangiriro yuzuye kandi irambuye yavuzwe haruguru, ndizera ko usobanukiwe neza uburyo bwo kubara voltage ya moteri ya slip-ring n'akamaro kayo mu kunoza imikorere ya moteri. Mu mikorere nyayo, gukurikiza neza intambwe zo kubara no gusuzuma neza ingaruka z'ibintu bitandukanye bizagufasha guha agaciro kanini ibyiza by'imikorere ya moteri za slip ring, kunoza imikorere myiza y'inganda no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho.
Ni iki kigomba kwitabwaho mu gihe cyo kubara voltage ya rotor ya moteri zigenda zihindagurika?
- a. Ubuziranenge bw'amakuru
- b. Gusobanukirwa formula no kuyishyira mu bikorwa
- c. Ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije n'imiterere y'akazi
- d.Inzira yo kubara n'ibikoresho
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 15-2025