Ikoranabuhanga ry'Ingiranti | Inganda nshya | 21 Mata 2025
Kubera ko itumanaho rya 5G ririmo gukundwa cyane kandi ikoranabuhanga rya radar rikomeje gutera imbere, imiyoboro ya RF rotary, nk'ibice by'ingenzi byo kugera ku ihererekanya ry'amakuru rihamye, irimo kugira uruhare runini. Yaba antene ya satelite iri mu kirere kinini cyangwa umurongo ukorwa mu buryo bwikora mu kirere kitoroshye kiri ku butaka, ishobora gutuma ibimenyetso bikwirakwira neza hagati y'ibice bihamye n'ibizunguruka. Hanyuma, tuzasuzuma ibisobanuro birambuye bya tekiniki n'ikoreshwa ry'imiyoboro ya RF rotary.
Ⅰ. Gusuzuma imikorere y'ingingo zizunguruka za RF
Ihame ry’imikorere y’imiyoboro izenguruka ya RF ni uruvange rw’ingufu za elegitoroniki n’ubuhanga mu by’imashini. Bwubaka ikiraro cy’ikimenyetso hagati y’inkombe izenguruka n’inkombe idahinduka binyuze mu byuma bikwirakwiza amakuru nka insinga za coaxial, waveguides cyangwa fibre optique. Mu gihe cyo kohereza amakuru, ingufu z’amashanyarazi imbere n’imbaraga za rukuruzi birakorana kandi bigahinduka, kandi imiterere ya mashini ifata inshingano z’ingenzi - kwemeza ko habaho gukorana guhamye mu gihe cyo kuzenguruka kugira ngo hirindwe gutakaza cyangwa kugoreka kw’ibimenyetso biterwa no gukorana nabi, bityo bigatuma habaho kohereza neza kandi guhamye kw’ibimenyetso bya RF.
Ⅱ. Isesengura ry'ubwoko n'imiterere y'ingingo zizunguruka za RF
(I) Ingano zizunguruka za coaxial zifite umuyoboro umwe: ubutumwa bw'ibanze kandi bwizewe bwo gutanga ibimenyetso
Imiyoboro izunguruka ya coaxial imwe yabaye "imbaraga nyamukuru" yo kohereza ibimenyetso bya RF imwe hamwe n'imiterere yayo yoroshye. Dufashe urugero rw'urwego rwo kugenzura umutekano, muri kamera zifite ibisobanuro bihanitse ku masangano y'imihanda yo mu mijyi, imiyoboro izunguruka ya coaxial imwe ishobora gufasha kamera kugera ku kuzenguruka kwa dogere 360 nta nguni zipfuye, mu gihe igenzura ko ibimenyetso bya videwo byoherezwa mu kigo cy'igenzura bifite latency nto kandi ifite ibisobanuro bihanitse. Ibipimo byayo bisanzwe by'amashanyarazi ni: frequency irashobora kugera kuri DC - 18GHz, igihombo cyo kwinjira kigenzurwa kuri 0.3 - 0.5dB, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) ≤1.2; mu bijyanye n'imiterere ya mekanike, umuvuduko ntarengwa ushobora kugera kuri 3000rpm, kandi ubuzima bwo kuzenguruka burenga miliyoni 10, bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'akazi gahoraho igihe kirekire.
(II) Ihuriro ry'imiyoboro myinshi ya coaxial: ihurizo ry'ibimenyetso kuri sisitemu zikomeye
Imiyoboro myinshi izunguruka ya coaxial igenewe guhura n’uburyo bwo kohereza ibimenyetso byinshi icyarimwe mu buryo bugoye. Muri sisitemu ya radar ikoresha intera mu rwego rwa gisirikare, ishobora gutunganya icyarimwe ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibimenyetso bya RF nk’ibimenyetso byo kohereza, ibimenyetso byo kwakira, n’ibimenyetso byo kugenzura kugira ngo radar imenye intego mu mpande zose kandi neza cyane. Ibipimo by’amashanyarazi by’ubu bwoko bw’imiyoboro akenshi ni: frequency range DC - 12GHz, gutakaza insertion ya single-channel ya hafi 0.6dB, VSWR≤1.3; mu bijyanye n’ibipimo bya mechanical, ishobora kwihanganira torque ya 0.5 - 2N・m, n’umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 2000rpm, bigatuma ikora neza mu gihe cyo kohereza ibimenyetso bikomeye.
(III) Urusobe rw'amajwi ruzunguruka: inzobere mu kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo bw'ingufu nyinshi
Urusobe rw'amashanyarazi rukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya waveguide kandi rufite akarusho mu bijyanye no kohereza ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi menshi kandi bidatakaza ingufu nyinshi. Mu biro by'itumanaho bya satelite, rushinzwe kohereza neza ibimenyetso bya RF by'amashanyarazi menshi kuri satelite, rutanga ubufasha bukomeye ku itumanaho mpuzamahanga. Ibipimo byarwo by'amashanyarazi ni byiza cyane, ingano ya frequencies ikunze kuba muri 8-18GHz, igihombo cyo kwinjira ni 0.3dB gusa, kandi ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi bushobora kugera ku rwego rwa kilowatt; mu bijyanye n'imikorere ya mekanike, ukuri ko kuzenguruka ni hejuru cyane, igihe cyo kuzenguruka gishobora kugera kuri miliyoni 8 z'impinduka, kandi rufite ubushobozi bwo guhindagura no kurwanya ingaruka, kandi rushobora kwihanganira ibidukikije bibi byo hanze.
(IV) Urusobe rw'amakuru ruzunguruka rwa Fiber optic: Imbere mu kohereza amakuru yihuta cyane
Imiyoboro ya Fiber optique ikoresha ibimenyetso bya optique nk'ibikoresho byo gutwara amakuru. Bitewe n'umuvuduko wayo wo kohereza amakuru vuba kandi ikaba ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya ingaruka mbi, yabaye amahitamo meza mu bijyanye no kohereza amakuru ku muvuduko mwinshi. Mu rusobe rw'itumanaho rw'amakuru runini, imiyoboro ya fibre optique ishobora gutuma amakuru ahererekanywa neza ku muvuduko wa 10Gbps cyangwa hejuru yayo hagati y'ibice bizenguruka. Mu bipimo byayo by'amashanyarazi, igihombo cyo kwinjira ni hafi 1dB; mu bijyanye n'ibipimo bya mekanike, umuvuduko ntarengwa ni 1500rpm, igihe cyo kuzenguruka ni miliyoni 6 z'impinduka, kandi ishobora gukora neza mu bidukikije bitandukanye by'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, bigatuma amakuru ahererekanywa neza.
Ⅲ. Gufungura ibipimo by'ingenzi by'imiterere y'ingingo zizunguruka za RF
(I) Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi: ibipimo by'ingenzi by'ubwiza bw'ihererekanya ry'ibimenyetso
a. Intera y'impinduka: Iyi parametre igena intera y'impinduka aho intera y'ingufu za RF ishobora gukora neza. Kuva ku bimenyetso by'ingufu zigenda buhoro (DC) kugeza ku mirongo ya GHz, ubwoko butandukanye bw'impinduka zigenda buhoro bufite intego zitandukanye. Urugero, intera y'ingufu zigenda buhoro buhoro ishobora gukwirakwira mu buryo bunini kandi ikwiranye n'ibintu bitandukanye byo kohereza ibimenyetso; mu gihe intera y'ingufu zigenda buhoro buhoro ikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo ihuze n'ibikenewe byo kohereza ibimenyetso mu buryo bugenda buhoro.
b. Gutakaza ingufu z'ikimenyetso: Bigaragaza urwego rw'ibura ry'imbaraga z'ikimenyetso iyo kinyuze mu gice gizunguruka, ubusanzwe muri dB. Uko igihombo cy'ishyirwamo kiri hasi, niko ingufu zigabanuka mu gihe cyo kohereza ikimenyetso, kandi niko ubushobozi bwo kohereza burushaho kwiyongera. Muri rusange, igihombo cy'ishyirwamo ry'igice gizunguruka cy'umuyoboro umwe ni gito cyane, kiri hagati ya 0.3 na 0.5 dB; bitewe n'imiterere ikomeye y'igice gizunguruka cy'umuyoboro munini, igihombo cy'ishyirwamo kizaba kiri hejuru gato, kiri hagati ya 0.5 na 0.8 dB.
c. Igipimo cy'umuraba uhagaze w'amashanyarazi (VSWR): Iyi parametre ikoreshwa mu gupima urumuri rw'ibimenyetso bya RF mu gihe cyo kohereza. Uko agaciro ka VSWR kaba kageze kuri 1, niko urumuri rw'ibimenyetso rugabanuka kandi ubushobozi bwo kohereza burushaho kwiyongera. VSWR y'agace ka RF gakora neza gakoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe igenzurwa kuri ≤1.2, ibi bikaba bishobora kugabanya neza igihombo cy'ingufu n'ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kugaragara kw'ibimenyetso.
d. Ubushobozi bw'ingufu: bivuze agaciro ntarengwa k'ingufu uruziga ruzunguruka rushobora kwihanganira. Iyo imbaraga nyazo zo kohereza zirenze ubwo bushobozi, bishobora gutuma ibikoresho bishyuha cyane, byangirika cyangwa ndetse bikanananirwa. Ingufu zizunguruka za Waveguide zifite ubushobozi bwinshi bw'ingufu zigera kuri kilowati bitewe n'imiterere yazo n'ibikoresho byazo bidasanzwe; ingufu zizunguruka za coaxial zifite ubushobozi buke bw'ingufu, muri rusange zingana na wati magana make.
(II) Ibipimo bya mekanike: ishingiro rikomeye ryo kwemeza imikorere ihamye
a. Umuvuduko ntarengwa: ugaragaza umuvuduko ntarengwa wo kuzenguruka aho urusobe rw'amazi rushobora gukora neza. Mu bihe bitandukanye byo gukoresha, ibisabwa kugira ngo umuvuduko uratandukanye cyane. Urugero, umuvuduko w'uruhande rwa roboti rw'umuyoboro w'imashini ikora ibikoresho by'inganda ushobora kuba iminota mike gusa; mu gihe muri sisitemu zimwe na zimwe zizunguruka cyane, umuvuduko ugomba kugera kuri 3000rpm. Kubwibyo, mu guhitamo urusobe rw'amazi ruzunguruka, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko umuvuduko warwo ntarengwa wujuje ibisabwa nyabyo byo gukoresha.
b. Igihe cyo kuzenguruka: gipimirwa n'umubare w'igihe cyo kuzenguruka cyangwa igihe cyo gukoreshwa, ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gusuzuma igihe cyo kuzenguruka. Muri rusange, igihe cyo kuzenguruka cy'igice cyo kuzenguruka cya RF kirenze miliyoni z'impinduka kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ibikoresho bigumana imikorere ihamye mu gihe kirekire.
c. Torque: torque ikenewe kugira ngo urusobe rw'amazi ruzunguruke. Bitewe n'imiterere y'imbere y'urusobe rw'amazi rufite imiyoboro myinshi, torque ikeneye kwihanganira ni nini, muri rusange iri hagati ya 0.5 na 2N・m. Ibipimo bya torque bikwiye bishobora kwemeza ko urusobe rw'amazi ruzunguruka rukora neza mu gihe cyo kuzunguruka, birinda guhindagurika bitewe n'uko torque idahagije cyangwa kwangirika kw'ibice bitewe n'uko torque ikabije.
d. Guhuza ibidukikije: bikubiyemo ibintu byinshi nko ubushyuhe bwo gukora, ubushuhe, n'urwego rwo kwirinda ivumbi n'amazi. Impande zizunguruka zikoreshwa hanze zigomba kugira urwego rwo kurinda rwa IP65 cyangwa hejuru kugira ngo zirwanye ivumbi n'imvura byibasire; muri icyo gihe, ubushyuhe bwo gukora busanzwe busabwa kuba -40℃ - 85℃ kugira ngo buhuze n'imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije mu turere n'ibihe bitandukanye.
Ⅳ. Kwibanda ku ikoreshwa ry'imiyoboro ya RF izenguruka mu nganda
(I) Urwego rwa gisirikare: Kubaka umurongo w’ingabo zirinda umutekano w’igihugu mu buryo buhamye
Muri sisitemu nshya ya radar yo kuburira hakiri kare mu kirere, imiyoboro myinshi ya coaxial RF ikora urusobe rw'amajwi ifite imiyoboro myinshi ifite uruhare rudasimburwa. Sisitemu ya radar igomba kohereza no kwakira ibimenyetso bivuye ku miyoboro myinshi icyarimwe kugira ngo imenye neza kandi ikurikirane neza intego zo mu kirere. Binyuze mu miyoboro myinshi ya coaxial, antene ya radar ishobora gukora scan ya dogere 360 mu buryo butaziguye, kandi ibipimo byayo by'amashanyarazi byujuje ibisabwa ku rugero rwa DC - 12GHz, gutakaza insertion munsi ya 0.8dB, na VSWR≤1.3, binoza neza intera yo kumenya, ukuri no kwizerwa kwa radar, kandi bigatanga icyizere gikomeye cy'umutekano w'ingabo z'igihugu.
(II) Urubuga rw'itumanaho: Kubaka ikiraro cy'ibimenyetso byo guhuza isi yose
Mu itumanaho mpuzamahanga rya satelite, imiyoboro ya RF izenguruka ikoreshwa muri sisitemu nini za antene zo ku butaka. Uko satelite ikomeza kugenda mu kirere, antene ya sitasiyo yo ku butaka igomba guhindura icyerekezo cyayo mu gihe nyacyo kugira ngo ikomeze itumanaho na satelite. Ihuriro rya waveguide, rifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru n'imiterere yo gutakaza bike, ryohereza neza ibimenyetso bya RF bifite imbaraga nyinshi. Intera yaryo ya 8-18GHz, gutakaza insertion ya 0.3dB, n'ubushobozi bw'ingufu bwa 1000W birushaho kunoza cyane igipimo cyo kohereza amakuru hagati ya sitasiyo yo ku butaka na satelite, bigabanya cyane gutinda k'itumanaho, kandi bikagira itumanaho ryihuse kandi rihamye ku rwego rw'isi.
(III) Ikoranabuhanga mu by'Inganda: Ingufu z'ingenzi zikoresha moteri mu gukora ibintu by'ubwenge
Mu murongo w’ikorwa ry’imodoka wikora mu buryo bwikora w’ikigo runaka gikora imodoka, hashyirwaho umurongo umwe uzenguruka w’imashini ya roboti. Uwo mukono wa roboti ugomba kuzenguruka kenshi mu gusudira, gutera, guteranya no mu zindi nzira, kandi icyarimwe wohereza ibimenyetso byo kugenzura n’amakuru ya sensor kugira ngo harebwe imikorere myiza. Ibipimo by’umurongo uzenguruka bifite umurongo wa DC-18GHz, igihombo cyo kwinjira cya 0.5dB, VSWR≤1.2, n’umuvuduko ntarengwa wa 3000rpm bihuye neza n’ibisabwa n’uwo mukono wa roboti. Ndetse no mu bikorwa byo gukora cyane kandi birambye, bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso biramba, bikongera urwego rw’imikorere n’umusaruro w’umurongo ukorerwamo, kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cy’abakozi n’umuvuduko w’ibicuruzwa udafite inenge.
Ⅴ. Menya neza ingamba zifatika zo guhitamo imiyoboro ya RF izenguruka
Kugira ngo uhitemo igikoresho gikwiranye na RF, ni ngombwa guhuza uburyo nyabwo bwo gukoresha no gusuzuma neza ibintu bikurikira:
a. Guhuza inshuro zikoreshwa: Ukurikije inshuro ikimenyetso gisabwa koherezwa na sisitemu, hitamo agace gazunguruka gashobora gutwikira neza intera y'ingufu kugira ngo wirinde kohereza ibimenyetso ku buryo budasanzwe bitewe n'uko ingufu zidashobora guhurirana.
b. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara ingufu: Ukurikije ingano nyayo y'imbaraga za sisitemu, hitamo agace gazunguruka gafite ubushobozi buhagije bw'imbaraga n'umupaka runaka kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho byangirika bitewe n'imbaraga nyinshi.
c. Ingufu zo kohereza ibimenyetso: Shyira imbere ibicuruzwa bifite igihombo gito cyo gushyiramo na VSWR hafi ya 1 kugira ngo urebe ko ikimenyetso gikomeza gukora neza kandi kidahinduka mu gihe cyo kohereza ibimenyetso.
d. Guhindura imikorere ya mekanike: Suzuma neza ibipimo bya mekanike nko umuvuduko ntarengwa, igihe cyo kuzunguruka, imbaraga, nibindi kugira ngo urebe ko uruhurirane ruzunguruka rushobora guhuza imiterere y'imikorere n'igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho.
e. Guhuza ibidukikije: Dukurikije imiterere y'ahantu hakoreshwa, nk'ubushyuhe, ubushuhe, umukungugu, imyuka yangiza, nibindi, hitamo aho ibikoresho bizenguruka bifite urwego rujyanye n'uburinzi n'uburyo bihuza ibidukikije kugira ngo urebe ko ibikoresho bikora neza mu buryo busanzwe mu kirere kigoye.
Ⅵ. Iterambere ry'ejo hazaza ry'imiyoboro izenguruka ya RF
Bitewe n'iterambere ryihuse rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, imiyoboro ya RF izenguruka izakomeza gutera imbere igana ku gukora ibintu bito, guhuza, no kumenya ubwenge. Ibikoresho bya Ingiant Technology by’imiyoboro byagenewe kohereza ibimenyetso bya RF, bifite frequency ntarengwa ya 40GHZ. Igishushanyo cya coaxial contact giha connector bandwidth yagutse cyane kandi nta frequency yo guhagarika. Imiterere ya multi-contact igabanya neza jitter, ingano rusange ni nto, kandi connector ni plug-in kandi yoroshye kuyishyiraho. Umuriro, voltage, shell n'ibara birashobora guhindurwa. Ndizera ko sosiyete ya ingiant izakomeza gushyira imbaraga zikomeye mu guhanga udushya no guteza imbere inganda zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Mata 2025