Isesengura ryuzuye ryibimenyetso bya moteri: UBUYOBOZI BWA MUNSI buva bwibanze kuri porogaramu

Mu nganda zigezweho kandi ubuzima bwa buri munsi, Motors ni ibikoresho byose bihebuje, guhamya urugo no korohereza imikorere ikora neza yumusaruro winganda. Akamaro ko kobyitwara ni ukugaragaza. Nka "ikarita ndangamuntu" na "Igishushanyo mbonera" cya moteri, ibimenyetso by'imiziri bisosha amakuru akungahaye kandi bikomeye, gukora neza, kubungabunga neza, no gukemura ibibazo. Gusobanukirwa byimbitse ibimenyetso bya moteri nubuhanga bwingenzi kuri buri muterinyiko wa moteri, injeniyeri y'amashanyarazi, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga.

1.Ingirakamaro hamwe n'agaciro k'ibimenyetso bya moteri

Ibimenyetso bya moteri ntabwo bishushanyije gusa cyangwa kode yo guhuza; Baringaniye cyane byerekana ibipimo bya tekiniki, ibiranga imikorere, ibisabwa umutekano, nibisabwa. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gutoranya moto, imbaraga (zerekanwa mu mafarasi "hp" cyangwa kilowatts "kw". Kunanirwa kubera imbaraga zidahagije cyangwa voltge. Ikimenyetso (RPD) cyerekana neza umuvuduko uzunguruka wa moteri yuzuye, ari ngombwa mubyiciro nkibisabwa byihuta kandi bifite ingaruka nziza. Icyiciro cy'Amashuri (urugero, "b", "f", "h") Ikimenyetso kibera, kibuza umutekano w'ibikoresho byinshi mu moteri bishobora kurwana n'imirongo migufi n'amasakunwa biterwa n'amasoko Kunanirwa, kwemeza imikorere ifite umutekano kandi ihamye, hagamijwe kubaho ubuzima bwa serivisi, no kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga ibikoresho hamwe ningaruka zumutekano.

2.Gucapirwa byishyiriraho hamwe no gusesengura ibisobanuro birambuye ibimenyetso bya moteri

1. A.CSELE-IHURIRO RY'Iciro Ikipe Moteri: Moteri imwe yo kwinjiza icyiciro kimwe irakoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bisanzwe byo murugo nkabafana nibicyuho cyamazi. Ikigo cyabo kizengurutse ibipimo byibanze. Usibye ibipimo bisanzwe nk'imbaraga, voltage, ubungubu, n'inshuro, kubera ubushobozi bwo gutangira cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye birasobanura ibipimo byagenwe no gukora. Ibi ni ngombwa kugirango intebe yo gutangira neza no gukora neza moteri. Gusobanukirwa neza kuri ibi bimenyetso bifasha guhita kumenya igihe capuline mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo no Guhindura gusimburwa mugihe cyo kugarura imikorere isanzwe ya moto.
2. Ikimenyetso cya B.Kugami kigenewe: Murwego rwinganda, abanyanjyana n ibitekerezo ni ngombwa mubisabwa bisaba umuvuduko uhoraho, nka sitasiyo yububasha hamwe na compressor nini. Usibye gupfuka imbaraga z'ibanze na voltage, ibimenyetso byabo birashimangira amakuru ashimishije hamwe namakuru yihuta. Mugihe cyo gutanga no kubungabunga moteri yo guhuza, hashyizweho icyerekezo cyagenwe gishingiye kuri ibi bimenyetso kugirango habeho itandukaniro rikomeye, gukomeza gutanga umusaruro wa Gridy, tugakomeza gukora imirimo ihamye, tugakomeza gukora imirimo ihamye, tugakomeza gukora imirimo ihamye, tugakomeza gukora imirimo ihamye, tugakomeza gukora imirimo ihamye, tugakomeza umutekano uhamye, kandi twirinde kwangiza ibikoresho no kubyara umusaruro Kubera ihindagurika ryihuta.
3. c.dc Ibimenyetso bya moteri: Umuryango wa DC utandukanye, harimo urukurikirane-rwishimye, rushimishije, rushimishije, yuzuye-yuzuye ya DC. Sisitemu yacyo ni itoroshye, irimo amakuru yingenzi nkubwoko bwimikorere yumurima, amakuru ya Computator, hamwe nibiranga armature. Kubintu bya DC. Ikimenyetso (esc) kigenzura umuvuduko wa moteri, icyerekezo, hamwe nakazi. Mu gishushanyo, ingana, no kubungabunga moteri ya DC, ibisobanuro byuzuye by'ibi bimenyetso ni icya mbere cyo kugera ku bugenzuzi bushingiye ku buyobozi, ku buryo bunoze.

(Ii) gutondekanya ukurikije sisitemu isanzwe

1. a. Ikimenyetso cya Nema (Amajyaruguru y'Abanyamerika): Igipimo cya Nema cyiganje ku nganda za moteri y'Amajyaruguru kandi zifite uruhare runini ku isi. Ikimenyetso cyacyo cyita ku bwoko bwo kurinda moteri (urugero, gukingurwa, kurinda, gufunga, nibindi), gutanga ishingiro ryibikorwa byizewe mubidukikije bitandukanye. Ibimenyetso bisobanutse (urugero, horizontal, uhagaritse, flange, etc. Ibimenyetso byo murwego rwo gukora neza (urugero, premium, hejuru, nibindi) guhuza icyerekezo cyo kuzigama ingufu, gufasha abakoresha muguhitamo ibijyanye na moteri yo murwego rwo hejuru kugirango ugabanye ibiciro byingufu no gukora ibiciro bikoreshwa. Ibimenyetso bya serivisi bitanga ibisobanuro byubushobozi bwa moteri burenze cyangwa imiterere yihariye yakazi, iremeza guhuza moteri no kwizerwa mubidukikije bigoye.
2. b. Ikimenyetso cya Moteri (International Standard): Nkamashanyarazi yimbere mumashanyarazi hagati yumuryango, IEC yashyizeho ibimenyetso bya moteri bikunze gukoreshwa mumurima w'amashanyarazi ku isi. Muri bo, urwego rwa moteri (ni ukuvuga Kode) rugenga imikorere y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi hamwe n'ibipimo mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga, biteza imbere kuzamura ingufu mu Rwanda. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha (ICYO KOMEZA) Ikimenyetso cyagushizeho uburyo bwo gutandukanya ubushyuhe bwa moteri, ayobora abakoresha uburyo bukwiye bushingiye ku miterere no gushinga ubushyuhe. Urwego rwo kurinda (Kode ya IP) rukoresha ubushobozi bwo kurinda moteri buturuka ku bitekerezo by'ubuvuzi no gutanga amazi, kandi bitanga ubuyobozi bwo gukwirakwiza umutungo mu bidukikije bikaze mu bidukikije ndetse no kwizerwa.
3. c.

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Izina rya moteri ni nka encyclopedia miniature ya moteri. Imbaraga na voltage votings bisobanura neza ibijyanye nububasha bwa moteri nibisabwa. Ikimenyetso (rpm) cyerekana neza umuvuduko uzunguruka wa moteri mubihe bisanzwe. Icyiciro (HZ) kigaragaza isano yo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere iri hagati ya ac na inshuro mbi ntoya, zikane cyane cyane mu bikoresho byo kumirambo byambukiranya imipaka cyangwa Grid. Ikimenyetso cyurwego rugaragaza uburyo bwo guhindura ingufu kandi nigipimo cyingenzi kubisabwa bibisi. Ikimenyetso Cyiburyo cya Sprication itanga ibikoresho bya moteri ya moteri, byemeza neza ibikoresho byiza bifite ibikoresho bya moteri no gushyigikira moteri. Ikimenyetso cyigihe (urugero, S1 Sisitemu y'akazi ikomeza, S3 STS ikora rimwe na rimwe Ikimenyetso cyikimenyetso nicyiciro cyibanze cyumutekano wamashanyarazi, guharanira inyungu zubushyuhe butandukanye nibikorwa bihamye kandi bifite umutekano.

(Ii) Ibimenyetso bya moteri: Ikarita yo Kugenda yihuza amashanyarazi

Igishushanyo cya moteri kibisi cyubaka igishushanyo mbonera cyumurongo wamashanyarazi ukoresheje ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Imbaraga Zihuza Ibimenyetso ("l" na "n" n "ac motors na" + "na" - "kuri" DC) kumenya neza ingingo zinjiza imbaraga. Ibimenyetso bikurikiranye na moteri yicyiciro cyinshi (urugero, L1, L3 kuri moteri yicyiciro cya buri cyiciro cyicyiciro cya kabiri) kugenzura neza icyerekezo cyo kuzunguruka no gukora neza moteri. Ibimenyetso byo kurinda umuzunguruko (urugero, fus hamwe na barcuit hamwe na randors) byerekana ahantu hitaruye umutekano, bahita bahagarika amashanyarazi mugihe umuzenguruko urenze urugero cyangwa mu buryo buke bwo kurengera moteri nibindi bikoresho byamashanyarazi. Kugenzura ibimenyetso (tangira, hagarara, imbere, kandi uhindure guhinduranya) abakoresha neza kugirango bagenzure neza moteri kugirango babone ibyo bakora. Ibimenyetso bya moteri (Tangira kandi ukoreshe umuyaga wa moteri imwe, armature hamwe na traings kuri moteri ya DC) ni ibintu byingenzi byerekana uburyo bwa electonagnetic, byerekana neza uburyo bwa electoric no gusuzuma amakosa.

Ibimenyetso byumuzunguruko bigize moteri bigize ururimi rusanzwe kubangamari nabatekinisiye kugirango basobanure sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri. Hindura kandi Ibimenyetso bya Buto (urugero, gusunika buto, guhinduranya, no gufungura ibintu bifatika (mubisanzwe bikinguye, mubisanzwe bikinguye, ukiniramo uruhare rwinshi mubikorwa bya moteri, neza Gutangira moteri, hagarara, icyerekezo cyiruka, ningendo. Ikimenyetso cyo Kurinda Kurerekana neza umwanya nakazi kakora neza kubikoresho byo kurengera birenga (intoki cyangwa mu buryo bwikora), kandi bituma ibikorwa birinda bihita mugihe bikabije kugirango birinde moteri kwishyurwa no gutwika. Ihererekanya kandi Menyesha Ibimenyetso birambuye isano iri hagati yo kugenzura no guhuza amakuru (mubisanzwe bikingurwa) birimo kugenzura ibintu byinshi bigenzura impengamiro nini yo kugenzura moteri yisumbuye, ushimangire umutekano no gukora neza sisitemu yo kugenzura moteri. Ibimenyetso bitandukanye bifasha nka sensor, igihe, amatara yerekana, fus, abo mu bahungu bakingurana, nibindi bakora ubuyobozi bwamakuru, nibindi bikorwa, Gushiraho, gufata neza, na Gukemura ikibazo cya sisitemu.

4.Itandukaniro ryimiterere mubimenyetso bya moteri no gusobanura ibimenyetso bya tekiniki bigezweho

Nubwo amahame ya Nema na IEC yageze ku bwumvikane bwibanze ku bimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bya moteri (nk'imbaraga, voltage), itandukaniro rikomeye riri mu rwego rw'ingenzi nka diagrafiya y'ibimenyetso. Kurugero, IEC ikoresha kode yuruhererekane ya IE (IE3, IE4, nibindi) kugirango agereranye neza urwego rwibikorwa, mugihe Nema akoresha neza urwego rwingirakamaro, mugihe Nema akoresha urwego rwujuje ubuziranenge nka Premium no hejuru. Mu gishushanyo mbonera, NEMA yerekana buto yo gusunika hamwe nuruziga kumpera yumurongo, mugihe IEC ikoresha uruziga ku mucyo ugereranya hamwe nigishushanyo gitandukanye kugirango ushushanye buto. Byongeye kandi, hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere inganda zo mu karere, ibihugu rimwe na rimwe biva mu bihugu bikunze gukuramo ibimenyetso bidasanzwe cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe zishingiye ku bipimo mpuzamahanga. Kubwibyo, mu bufatanye bw'inganda z'inganda n'imiterere ya Cross-Fross Impanuka zatewe no gusobanura nabi.

(Ii) Gushakisha ibimenyetso byikoranabuhanga bugezweho

Ikimenyetso cya moteri ya DC. BLC): Moteri ya DC ikoreshwa cyane mugukata imirima nkimodoka nshya niterambere ryinganda bitewe nubushobozi buke bwo gukora neza no kubungabunga umutekano. Ibimenyetso byabo byihariye bya moteri (u, v, w) Sobanura neza imiterere ihuza umurongo, itanga urufatiro rwibishushanyo mbonera bya moteri. Ikimenyetso cya salle kimenyetso neza neza ibitekerezo bya rotor. Ikimenyetso cyihuta cya elegitoroniki (esc) cyerekana uruhare rwarwo mugukoresha umuvuduko wa moteri, icyerekezo, nuburyo bwo gukora. Binyuze kuri Algordonc Algorithy na Technordonkos na Ikoranabuhanga mu bushobozi bwa DC, bituma moteri ya DC irimo koza ikomeza imirimo myiza kandi ihamye ikoreshwa mu bihe bitandukanye, iterana ibyangombwa bifatika by'imikorere ya moteri.
Ikimenyetso cya moteri yikiruhuko: Moto yintambwe yageze ku ntsinzi idasanzwe mumwanya uhagaze neza murwego rwo kugenzura ibikoresho bya 3D nibikoresho bya CNC. Sisitemu yayo yacyo yubatswe hirya no kugenzura neza. Ibimenyetso bya coil (urugero, a, b, nibindi) Shyira ahagaragara buri gice cyumuyaga muburyo burambuye, gutanga urufatiro rwumubiri mubisekuru bya magnetiki hamwe nintambwe. Intambwe / Icyerekezo cyo kugenzura ibimenyetso byerekana neza ibimenyetso byinjira nibimenyetso byumvikana, bifasha abakora neza umubare wintambwe nicyerekezo kugirango ugere ku kugenzura neza. Ikimenyetso / kugenzura ibimenyetso byerekana kugenzura no gutwara modules, guhuza module yateye imbere, kugabanyirizwa ibidukikije bikora neza, gukora neza gukora ibintu bifatika, bikora neza ibikorwa byo gufatanya no gufata ibyemezo, no gutanga ingwate ukuri n'ukuri.
Ubwihindurize bwamateka yibimenyetso bya moteri: Kuva mumigenzo kugeza igezweho

Mugihe c'amashyirahamwe mpuzamahanga, amashyirahamwe nka NEMA na IEC ubudahwema mu nganda n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga byagezweho mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga mu bipimo ngenderwaho no kunoza ibimenyetso bya moteri. Ibipimo bya Nema bya mbere byibanda ku bijyanye n'iterambere ry'inganda mu iterambere ry'inganda muri Amerika ya Ruguru muri Amerika ya Ruguru, kandi ibimenyetso byayo byari bifite imico itandukanye mu bijyanye no gushyiramo moteri no kurengera. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, ibipimo ngenderwaho bya IEC, uhereye ku buryo mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga Hamwe no kwihutisha isi, bombi bagumanye bimwe mubintu byihariye mugihe ukomeje guhubuka.

Iterambere ryihuse rya siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga rya none, cyane cyane gukurikiza ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki n'ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe kugenzura igenzura mu murima, ryatumye turushaho guhanga udushya mu bimenyetso by'ibikoresho. Kubangamira moteri nshya nka moteri ya DC hamwe na Motors ya DC hamwe na Motors yatsinze ibintu bishya nkibimenyetso bya sensor, ibimenyetso byicyiciro cya moteri, n'intambwe / icyerekezo cyo kugenzura ibimenyetso. Ibi bimenyetso byerekana ibintu bishya biranga moteri bigezweho ukurikije ubwenge nubuyobozi busobanutse kandi babaye ikimenyetso cyigihe gishya mugutezimbere ikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga. Ubwihindurize bwamateka yibimenyetso bya moteri byabonye impinduka yinganda zurugero mubworoherane, kuva mumigenzo kugeza kuri kiriya gishya, no kuva mu ruhuke kugeza kuri kirenga, no mu migenzo kugeza igezweho, gukurikiza tekinoroji y'iryo isi yose.

Ingamba zifatika zo kwiga no gushyira mubikorwa ibimenyetso bya moteri

Inyandiko zisanzwe zisobanura: Inyandiko zisanzwe zatanzwe na NEMA na IEC ni fondasiyo yo kwiga ibimenyetso bya moteri. Batanga ibisobanuro birambuye, birambuye, nibisobanuro byukuri, amategeko ashyira mu gaciro, hamwe ningero zisaba, zibera isoko yambere yamakuru yimbitse kuri sisitemu yikigereranyo.

Amasomo kumurongo hamwe ninkuru: Ubushakashatsi buzwi kuri Masomo, Udemy, na Edx, harimo amasomo yubwubatsi wamashanyarazi, harimo amasomo meza yibanze cyane kubisobanuro no gushyira mubikorwa ibimenyetso bya moteri. Binyuze mu nyigisho zitunganijwe, imyigaragambyo, hamwe n'imikoranire Q & A by Abigisha babigize umwuga, abiga barashobora kubona ubumenyi nubuhanga bujyanye nibimenyetso bya moteri.

Ibitabo byabigize umwuga n'ibitabo bya kera mu murima ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya moteri byatanzwe n'ibice by'ibicuruzwa byose birimo ubujyamanaho hamwe n'ibice bifatika, kwagura abiga ' Ubumenyi butera kandi bukangeza ubushobozi bwabo bufatika.

(Ii) Isesengura ry'urubanza kugira ngo riteze imbere

1. . Ukurikije amakuru yikimenyetso nkumuvuduko, imbaraga, urwego rwo kwishyuza, nibindi ku izina rya moteri, abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho, abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibikoresho kugirango bamenye vuba ibibazo byumuzunguruko bigufi hamwe no kwambara. Mu gusimbuza neza ibice bitari amakosa kandi bihatira ibipimo bya moteri ukurikije ibimenyetso, imikorere isanzwe ya moteri yagaruwe, irinde guhagarika umutima muremure kandi ukize igihombo gikomeye cyubukungu. Ibi byerekana uruhare ruyobora ruyobowe rwibimenyetso bya moteri mu gusuzuma no kubungabunga neza.
2. Urubanza rukora neza: Iyo isosiyete ikora elegitoronike yashyizeho ibikoresho bishya, yirengagije amakuru yo kuri voltage no kuba yibeshye kandi ananirwa gushyira mubikorwa ingamba zo gukingira, bikaviramo gutwikwa hanze ako kanya kandi bigatera umuriro w'amashanyarazi, byatumye ibikoresho byangiritse no gutinda umusaruro. Uru rubanza rukora nk'umuburo ukurikiza cyane ibisabwa ku bisabwa ikiganiro no gukora ni ngombwa mu guharanira umutekano no kwirinda cyane imyanya yo hagati, byerekana cyane umwanya wo hagati no ku ruhare rw'ikipe yacyo mu rwego rwa Umutekano w'amashanyarazi.

Nkimvugo nyamukuru murwego rwikoranabuhanga hamwe nibisabwa, ibimenyetso bya moteri byinjira mubuzima bwose bwa moteri. Kuva guhuza neza gutoranya ibikorwa bisanzwe byo kwishyiriraho no komite, mubuyobozi bwa siyansi bwo gufata neza buri munsi kwisuzumisha neza, buri gihe ibimenyetso byingenzi byingenzi. Kwiga ubujyakuzimu, ibisobanuro nyabyo, no kubahiriza ibintu bisabwa kuri moteri nibintu bikenewe hamwe nimico yabigize umwuga mugutezimbere umutekano, gukora neza, no gutuza. Mugihe cyubu iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryihuse, tugomba guhora twitondera ibishya nubuhinduzi bwo kuzamura ubumenyi nubuhanga bwo gutera imbere mububiko bwa moteri no gutera imbaraga mu guhanga udushya no guterana.